全球不同纬度带平均有效位能的季节急变   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

魏民  仇永炎 《应用气象学报》1997,8(2):137-146

利用1980～1988年ECMWF的资料，计算了对流层500 hPa、300 hPa和平流层100 hPa逐日和月平均的纬向平均有效位能（PZ），分析其季节过渡，比较不同纬度带的季节性急变。结果表明，在4月和10月附近，各纬度带上均可出现PZ的急变。而且用逐日资料还可分析出6月急变。在北半球对流层高层（100 hPa）PZ的季节性急变不如低层（500 hPa）明显，而在南半球PZ的季节性急变与北半球相反，高层比低层明显。  相似文献   

中国荒漠化气候类型划分与潜在发生范围的确定   总被引：45，自引：6，他引：45  

兹龙骏  吴波 《中国沙漠》1997,17(2):107-111

根据联合国防治荒漠化公约的有关规定，运用Ｔｈｏｒｎｔｈｗａｉｔｅ计算可能蒸散量的方法作出了第一张中国荒漠化气候类型分布图，首次确定了中国荒漠化的潜在发生范围。结果表明，中国荒漠化潜在发生范围约３３１７０３２．２ｋｍ２，占国土面积的３４．６％，分布于全国１８个省（自治区，直辖市），４７０个县（市、旗）。其中亚湿润干旱区总面积为７５１１６１．９ｋｍ２，占国土面积的７．８％；半干旱区总面积为１１３９２１４．２ｋｍ２，占国土面积的１１．９％；干旱区总面积为１４２６６５６．１ｋｍ２，占国土面积的１４．９％。  相似文献   

1995年日本阪神地震近场强地面运动的特征          下载免费PDF全文

罗奇峰  那向谦 《地震工程学报》1997,19(3):52-55,62

分析了１９９５年日本阪神地震（Ｍ７．２）近场强地面运动特征．结果表明，震中附近地区水平加速度峰值达６００～８００ｇａｌ，竖向加速度峰值达３００ｇａｌ，强地面运动持续时间为１０～１５ｓ，加速度时程的卓越周期为０．２～２ｓ．谱分析的结果还表明，在较宽的频带范围内该次地震的近场地震动的强度都比较大．  相似文献   

北半球海冰强迫作用下大气可预报性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王嘉  郭裕福 《应用气象学报》2004,15(3):291-300

使用LASG/IAP GOALS耦合模式中的全球大气环流模式分量AGCMR15L9的计算结果，在其他外强迫维持气候值不变的情况下，用方差分析的方法，以外部方差与总方差之比R_e作为衡量标准，考察该模式关于海冰的季节和跨季节潜在可预报性的大小。结果发现，从总体上看，北半球海冰变化所造成的潜在可预报性较小，只有在大气低层的一些气候要素，如温度、湿度的结果中，才存在R_e＞0.5的现象。潜在可预报性结果的局地特征比较明显，高值往往发生在海冰年际变率大的区域里。与中低纬海温在中高纬地区的影响相比，不排除海冰的作用更大的可能性。另外，如果分区域看，北半球某些区域的海冰，在若干挑选出的其区域海冰面积发生大异常年份中的潜在可预报性可能会比不做挑选的总体结果要大。这说明北半球某些区域海冰在面积发生较大异常的时候，可能对同期或（及）后期环流有着比较重要的影响。  相似文献   

Application of Characteristics of Seismogenic Structures in the Determination of Parameter of Potential Seismic Source Areas     

Zhou Bengang 《中国地震研究》2005,19(4):430-441

INTRODUCTIONThe method of probabilistic seismic risk analysis was proposed by Cornell in1968(Cornell,1968).After more than30years development,it has become the main method for seismic riskassessment of engineering sites and seismic zonation,and has been u…  相似文献   

An efficient hybrid integral-equation method for point-absorber wave energy converters with a vertical axis of symmetry     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

To assist in the prototyping and controller design of point-absorber wave energy converters (WECs), an easy-to-implement hybrid integral-equation method is presented for computing the frequency-domain hydrodynamic properties of bodies with a vertical axis of symmetry in waves. The current hybrid method decomposes the flow domain into two parts: an inner domain containing the body and an outer domain extending to infinity. The solution in the inner domain is computed using the boundary-element method, and the outer-domain solution is expressed using eigenfunctions. Proper matching at the domain boundary is achieved by enforcing continuity of velocity potential and its normal derivative. Body symmetry allows efficient computation using ring sources in the inner domain. The current method is successfully applied to three different body geometries including a vertical truncated floating cylinder, the McIver toroid, and the coaxial-cylinder WEC being developed in the authors’ laboratory. In particular, the current results indicate that, by replacing the flat bottom of the coaxial-cylinder WEC with the Berkeley-Wedge (BW) shape, viscous effect can be significantly reduced with only minor negative impact on wave-exciting force, thus increasing WEC efficiency. Finally, by comparing to experimental measurements, the current method is demonstrated to accurately predict the heave added mass and wave-exciting force on the coaxial-cylinder WEC with BW geometry. If a viscous damping correction factor is used, the heave motion amplitude can also be accurately computed.  相似文献   

Time-domain simulation of berthing problem between FPSO and shuttle tanker in waves     

《Applied Ocean Research》2016

A time-domain simulation method based on potential flow model has been developed to investigate the berthing problem between two floating bodies in wave. The boundary value problem is formulated with respect to an earth-fixed coordinate system because the relative positions of the two vessels continuously change during the berthing operation. The classical finite element method is used to solve the Laplace equation in the fluid domain with moving boundary. The linearized free-surface boundary conditions are integrated in time by applying 4th-order Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method. A simple re-mesh algorithm with local and global mesh systems is introduced to update mesh by considering large horizontal movement of the berthing vessel. The developed numerical method is used to investigate the berthing problem between a FPSO and shuttle tanker in waves. The focus is on the wave-induced motion response during the berthing process. The characteristics of the motion responses in berthing operation are examined with various wave frequencies, berthing speeds and wave headings.  相似文献   

Experimental and theoretical study of a cylindrical oscillating water column device with a quadratic power take-off model     

《Applied Ocean Research》2016

The wave power extraction by a cylindrical oscillating water column (OWC) device with a quadratic power take-off (PTO) model was studied experimentally and theoretically. In the experiment, a scaled model OWC was tested in a wave flume, with an orifice being used to simulate a quadratic PTO mechanism. In the theoretical analysis, the quadratic PTO model was linearized based on Lorenz's principle of equivalent work, which allows us to perform a frequency domain analysis using an eigen-function matching method. The effects of higher harmonic components and the spatial non-uniformity of the surface velocity inside the chamber were discussed. A semi-analytical model was proposed to understand the viscous loss affecting the measured capture length. Our treatment of the quadratic PTO model was validated by comparing quasi-linear theoretical capture length and the laboratory measurement. Our results also showed that the effects of spatial non-uniformity and viscous loss could be noticeable for shorter waves.  相似文献   

不同定义的湿位涡分析及在台风中的诊断     

刘赛赛  张立凤  赵艳玲 《大气科学》2019,43(3):565-576

本文对不同定义的湿位涡做了理论分析,并利用1522号台风“彩虹”的数值模拟结果对各种湿位涡进行了诊断。主要结论有:经典湿位涡、广义湿位涡和改进湿位涡的差异主要是由不同定义的位温造成的,相当位温、广义位温和修改位温的构成均是在位温基础上添加一显含水汽的附加量;经典湿位涡、广义湿位涡和改进湿位涡的构成均能分为干、湿分量两部分,其干分量表达式相同,都与Ertel干位涡的定义一样,水物质相变潜热的影响隐含在位温中;不同定义湿位涡的本质差异表现在不同的湿分量上,湿分量的表达式中显含了水物质的作用。对台风的诊断分析发现,改进湿位涡分布与Ertel干位涡非常相似,呈现中空分布的位涡塔结构,大值区对应眼墙内侧,改进湿位涡湿分量与经典湿位涡的湿分量分布相似,只是湿分量的绝对值更小,这反映了改进湿位涡既能保持干位涡的分布特征,其分布和演变可反映台风的结构和演变,又能合理地体现水汽分布的影响,所以在台风诊断中有更广泛的应用前景。经典湿位涡在低层表现为负值,这与水汽梯度的分布关系很大,但与垂直速度、潜热加热大值区等都没有很好的匹配关系,用其分析台风结构和演变具有一定局限性;广义湿位涡其形式较复杂,仅在近饱和区域才能发挥其诊断优势。  相似文献   

高低频系统相互作用对Rossby波破碎过程的影响     

张潮  谭言科  李崇银  平已川 《大气科学》2019,43(2):221-232

利用美国国家环境预报中心和能源部（NCEP/DOE）的逐日再分析资料（NCEP-DOE AMIP-Ⅱ）,对2010年12月20日发生在北太平洋一次典型的反气旋式波破碎（AWB）事件进行研究,分析了波破碎过程中等熵位涡场的演变特征,揭示了波破碎过程中高频扰动以及低频信号的逐日演变特征,并对2010年冬季350 K等熵面上逐日高频位涡（PV）扰动和低频变化做经验正交函数（EOF）分析,得到了其主要模态,并从等熵位涡方程出发研究了波破碎过程中位涡高、低频变化的原因。研究表明,波破碎过程中高频低PV空气从北太平洋西部日本附近沿东北方向向对流层上层侵入,而来自阿拉斯加湾附近的高频高PV空气向对流层下层侵入。高频位涡场EOF分解得到的前两个模态共同描述了北太平洋中纬度地区自西向东移动的天气尺度波列;低频位涡场EOF分解的第一模态在北太平洋呈弧形波列结构。天气尺度波在传播过程中受到低频场的平流作用逐渐偏离其传播主要模态的位置,并发生破碎,同时高频流场对高频位涡的平流可以产生低频变化,使得低频变化的空间形态向其冬季主要模态转变。  相似文献